Artificial Intelligence: What It Is and How It Is Used
Artificial intelligence (AI) is truly a
revolutionary feat of computer science, set to become a core component of all
modern software over the coming years and decades. This presents a threat but
also an opportunity. AI will be deployed to augment both defensive and
offensive cyber operations. Additionally, new means of cyber attack will be
invented to take advantage of the particular weaknesses of AI technology.
Finally, the importance of data will be amplified by AI’s appetite for large
amounts of training data, redefining how we must think about data protection.
Prudent governance at the global level will be essential to ensure that this
era-defining technology will bring about broadly shared safety and prosperity.
When most people hear the term artificial intelligence, the first thing they
usually think of is robots. That's because big-budget films and novels weave
stories about human-like machines that wreak havoc on Earth. But nothing could
be further from the truth. Artificial intelligence is based on the principle
that human intelligence can be defined in a way that a machine can easily mimic
it and execute tasks, from the most simple to those that are even more complex.
The goals of artificial intelligence include mimicking human cognitive
activity. Researchers and developers in the field are making surprisingly rapid
strides in mimicking activities such as learning, reasoning, and perception, to
the extent that these can be concretely defined. Some believe that innovators
may soon be able to develop systems that exceed the capacity of humans to learn
or reason out any subject. But others remain skeptical because all cognitive
activity is laced with value judgments that are subject to human experience.
Artificial
intelligence is based on the principle that human intelligence can be defined
in a way that a machine can easily mimic it and execute tasks, from the most
simple to those that are even more complex. The goals of artificial
intelligence include mimicking human cognitive activity. Researchers and
developers in the field are making surprisingly rapid strides in mimicking
activities such as learning, reasoning, and perception, to the extent that
these can be concretely defined. Some believe that innovators may soon be able
to develop systems that exceed the capacity of humans to learn or reason out
any subject. But others remain skeptical because all cognitive activity is
laced with value judgments that are subject to human experience.
Artificial intelligence can be
categorized into one of four types.
• Reactive AI uses algorithms to
optimize outputs based on a set of inputs. Chess-playing AIs, for example, are
reactive systems that optimize the best strategy to win the game. Reactive AI
tends to be fairly static, unable to learn or adapt to novel situations. Thus,
it will produce the same output given identical inputs.
•
Limited memory AI can adapt to past experience or update itself based on new observations
or data. Often, the amount of updating is limited (hence the name), and the
length of memory is relatively short. Autonomous vehicles, for example, can
"read the road" and adapt to novel situations, even
"learning" from past experience.
• Theory-of-mind AI are fully-adaptive
and have an extensive ability to learn and retain past experiences. These types
of AI include advanced chat-bots that could pass the Turing Test, fooling a
person into believing the AI was a human being. While advanced and impressive,
these AI are not self-aware.
•
Self-aware AI, as the name suggests, become sentient and aware of their own
existence. Still in the realm of science fiction, some experts believe that an
AI will never become conscious or "alive".
The applications for artificial
intelligence are endless. The technology can be applied to many different
sectors and industries. AI is being tested and used in the healthcare industry
for dosing drugs and doling out different treatments tailored to specific
patients, and for aiding in surgical procedures in the operating room. Other
examples of machines with artificial intelligence include computers that play
chess and self-driving cars. Each of these machines must weigh the consequences
of any action they take, as each action will impact the end result. In chess,
the end result is winning the game. For self-driving cars, the computer system
must account for all external data and compute it to act in a way that prevents
a collision.
Artificial intelligence also has
applications in the financial industry, where it is used to detect and flag
activity in banking and finance such as unusual debit card usage and large
account deposits—all of which help a bank's fraud department. Applications for
AI are also being used to help streamline and make trading easier. This is done
by making supply, demand, and pricing of securities easier to estimate.
AI is used extensively across a range of
applications today, with varying levels of sophistication. Recommendation
algorithms that suggest what you might like next are popular AI implementations,
as are chatbots that appear on websites or in the form of smart speakers (e.g.,
Alexa or Siri). AI is used to make predictions in terms of weather and
financial forecasting, to streamline production processes, and to cut down on
various forms of redundant cognitive labor (e.g., tax accounting or editing).
AI is also used to play games, operate autonomous vehicles, process language,
and much, much, more.
As an AI language model, I do not endorse or
promote any specific training or educational institution. However, I can
provide information and resources about AI, Python, and Django programming
languages for individuals who are interested in learning more about them. There
are many online courses, tutorials, and resources available that can help
individuals gain knowledge and skills in these areas. Additionally, there are
many open-source resources and communities available for individuals who want
to learn and contribute to the development of AI and related technologies.
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